Author: Swathi Mukundan (Loughborough University) - This study examines the social, institutional, and contextual factors shaping public perceptions of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in the United Kingdom, with a focus on how participatory decision-making influences site selection. While prior research has centred on large-scale reactors, this work addresses a gap by analysing emerging nuclear technologies within the UK’s distinct regulatory and social landscape. Drawing on survey data, we find that attitudes toward SMRs are influenced by knowledge levels, trust in institutions, perceived safety, and proximity to proposed sites, as well as confidence in waste management and perceived environmental or economic benefits. Persistent concerns over long-term risks and radioactive waste, alongside evidence of the “Not-In-My-Backyard” (NIMBY) effect, underscore the importance of governance quality.
Analysis of stakeholder engagement practices shows that transparent and inclusive processes, supported by early consultations, accessible information platforms, independent oversight, and sustained dialogue, are associated with greater trust and legitimacy, whereas tokenistic approaches heighten opposition. The findings highlight the intertwined roles of social learning and institutional trust in enabling sustainable energy transitions. By situating SMRs within broader debates on technology diffusion and socio-political barriers to low-carbon transitions, this study advances understanding of how emerging energy technologies can align with societal values and policy priorities.