Data centers are the backbone of the modern digital economy, enabling cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and global communication services. Their rapid expansion and increasing computational density have resulted in significant energy consumption, with cooling systems accounting for a considerable share of the total demand. Traditional cooling methods often lack efficiency and place a heavy burden on environmental sustainability, highlighting the urgent need for innovative and sustainable alternatives. This study proposes an integrated sustainable evaporative cooling system tailored for data center environments. To address the limitations of traditional evaporative cooling under high humidity conditions, the system incorporates solution-based dehumidification, thereby enhancing the evaporation gradient and cooling performance. Established simulations, combined with multi-objective optimization algorithms, are employed to systematically optimize energy consumption and payback period across a range of climatic and operational scenarios. Key performance metrics, including energy efficiency, water usage, carbon emissions, and economic returns, are comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, a techno-economic analysis benchmarks the proposed system against conventional cooling technologies. Results indicate that the proposed system, by integrating solution dehumidification, achieves significant reductions in both energy consumption and operational costs, while maintaining optimal thermal management for data center operations. The techno-economic evaluation further demonstrates a shortened payback period compared to conventional cooling solutions.
