Author: Yachao Wang (University of North Dakota) - This study investigates the electrochemical and thermal behaviors of lithium-ion batteries under fast charging conditions through a coupled electrochemical-thermal simulation model. The model integrates a laser-drilled 3-D channel electrode with a pouch cell diffusion structure, simultaneously solving thermal, electrical, and species-transport fields using a unified variable. Comparative analyses were conducted between the laser-drilled structure and a traditional battery at charging rates of 1C, 4C, and 7C. This study pioneers a multi-physics model analyzing thermal, electrical, and mass transport in laser-drilled electrodes during fast charging. By quantifying three key variables (reaction current density, Li-ion transport, and heat generation, it reveals how pore structures optimize electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery. The full-cell 3D model demonstrates laser-drilled anodes' unique ability to control heat generation while maintaining energy density, offering practical design principles for fast-charging batteries. Results indicate that the laser-drilled structure demonstrates superior performance at high rates, reducing peak temperature by 3.5K and improving uniformity (1K vs 1.5K variation) at 7C charging. It maintains better voltage stability (3.58V vs 3.64V at 40% SOC) and more uniform Li-ion concentration (102.77 mol/m³ difference vs 328.11 mol/m³). The design also lowers reaction current density (RCD) by 26.6% at 7C and 30.3% at 4C, while showing minimal differences at 1C. These improvements enhance thermal management, reduce lithium plating risks, and extend battery lifespan.
