Author: Yanlong Lv (The Institute of Engineering Thermophysics) - The efficient integration and long-distance utilization of renewable energy are critical challenges in achieving global decarbonization goals. This study investigates the economic performance of three renewable energy consumption systems using hydrogen, ammonia, and iron as energy carriers. Through economic loss analysis and sensitivity studies, we evaluate component-level cost losses and the impact of key economic parameters on system costs. Results indicate that the exergy cost of hydrogen, iron and ammonia systems are 59.82 $/MWh, 72.05 $/MWh and 55.01 $/MWh, respectively. Photovoltaic and alkaline electrolysis components are the primary cost drivers across all systems, accounting for up to 84.06% and 18.23% of total cost losses, respectively. The turbine also contributes to losses (3.63–5.72%). Sensitivity analysis reveals that operating hours and interest rates significantly influence costs, while fuel costs have a minimal impact, except in the Fe-system, where trace iron input slightly increases fuel cost sensitivity. The Fe-system demonstrates lower overall costs due to reduced renewable energy demand, despite higher fuel cost sensitivity. This study provides a comprehensive economic comparison of H2, NH3, and Fe as RE carriers, highlighting Fe as a promising alternative for clean energy integration. The findings offer valuable insights for optimizing renewable energy systems and advancing sustainable energy frameworks.
